MRI detection of new microbleeds in patients with ischemic stroke: five-year cohort follow-up study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the development of cerebral microbleeds in patients with ischemic stroke. We studied the incidence of new microbleeds in a cohort of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack screened for microbleeds at baseline. METHODS Twenty-one surviving patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were followed up after a mean interval of 5.5 years with repeat MRI and clinical assessment. Predictors of new microbleeds were tested in logistic regression. RESULTS Of patients with microbleeds at baseline, 50% had new microbleeds at follow-up compared with 8% of those without baseline microbleeds (P=0.047). The presence of microbleeds at baseline predicted new microbleeds (OR, 12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 141.34; P=0.048), as did mean systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.28 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.33; P<0.001). One patient had a stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are at risk of developing new microbleeds over 5.5 years, despite most surviving patients remaining clinically stable. Systolic blood pressure is the strongest predictor of microbleed development; better control of hypertension may help prevent new microbleed formation.